Inattention, impulsivity, fidgeting...these are symptoms of ADHD. But, they can also be symptoms of Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD).
Picture a child who happens to be overly sensitive to sound. Imagine what this child will hear if she is sitting in the classroom while the teacher is talking. Will she hear the teacher? OR, will she hear the sound of a classmate's pencil writing, the clock ticking, someone's foot tapping, a classmate chewing her gum, someone walking down the hall, the birds chirping outside, etc. With all of this ambient noise, how will she be able to focus on what the teacher is saying.
Or, how about the child who is oversensitive to touch? He is bothered by the label in his tee-shirt, the approach of a classmate, the lumps in his mashed potatoes, the stickiness of the play-doh. Fidgeting and squirming, he pays a lot of attention to avoiding these ordinary sensations. Meanwhile, he is unable to pay much attention at all to the teacher's words or to playground rules.
One more example... how about a child who is under-responsive and has trouble processing movement and balance sensations. He needs to move around more than his peers in order to rev up and get his body going. He is a "mover and a shaker", a "bumper and a crasher", and is always "on the go". He rocks, spins, jumps, climbs, leaps, and runs everywhere. He pays more attention to satisfying his need for movement and not much attention to what the teacher (or mother) is asking him to do.
Sensory Processing Disorder is a neurological condition which affects behavior and learning. Medicine doesn't fix it, but, often, occupational therapy helps. Occupational therapy can provide a sensory diet to address the child's underlying difficulties processing sensations rather than just the symptoms of inattention.
If your child is frequently (but not always) inattentive, it is useful to ask some questions:
- Where, when, and how often does this inattention occur?
- What is the stimulus?
- What does the child do as self therapy?
- What is happening (or not happening) when the child concentrates well?
- What does the child need, and what helps?
To have a true ADHD diagnosis (diagnosed by a psychologist or physician), a child's behavior (inattention, impulsivity, fidgiting) must occur across all settings and likely will not have a long-lasting response to a sensory diet.
If you are unsure as to whether or not your child has ADHD, please consult with your physician who can refer you to an occupational therapist who can help determine if your child's inattentive behavior is more related to a sensory processing deficit or an attention disorder.
Resource: Sensory Processing Disorder vs. Attention Deficit Disorder